Home / Articles / Lumbar levoscoliosis Lumbar levoscoliosis: what it means and what to do If a scan report says lumbar levoscoliosis, it is describing the direction of a curve, not how serious it is. It means the lower back bends towards the left. What matters next is how big the curve is, whether it […]
Home / Articles / L1–L3 disc herniation L1–L3 disc herniation: why it is not classic sciatica A herniated disc high in the lower back behaves differently from one at the bottom. Instead of pain running down the back of the leg, it is usually felt in the groin or the front of the thigh, often […]
Home / Articles / L4–L5 herniated disc L4–L5 herniated disc: why that level, and what helps The disc between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae is the hardest-worked in the lower back, and one of the two commonest places for a disc to herniate. When it presses on the L5 nerve, the pain, numbness or […]
Home / Articles / Migraine vs headache Migraine vs headache: how to tell the difference Almost everyone gets head pain, and the two words are used as though they mean the same thing. They do not. The difference decides what actually works. Reviewed by Dr Mathew Tung · 17 September 2026 · 5 min read […]
Home / Articles / Female lower back pain Female lower back pain: what is spinal, and what is not Lower back pain in women is often blamed on pregnancy or a muscle strain. Several other causes are common — and some of them are not spinal at all, which changes who you should see. Reviewed […]
Home / Articles / Sternum pain or heart attack Is it my heart or my bones? Sternum pain and heart attack Sudden pain in the middle of the chest sends most people straight to the worst thought. Often it is the chest wall rather than the heart — but the only safe order is to […]
